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- WORLD, Page 45JORDANGetting the Royal Flush
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- King Hussein moves to stem a crisis
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- The riots were over by the time King Hussein rushed home to
- Amman, but the damage had already been done. Four days of
- violent protests across the country had left eight dead, 89
- injured and the government under fire. As soon as he arrived
- from Washington, Hussein moved swiftly to contain the trouble,
- replacing his Prime Minister of four years, Zaid Rifai. A few
- days later, the King announced "speedy steps" toward Jordan's
- first parliamentary elections in 22 years.
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- The moves helped restore calm to what has traditionally
- been the Middle East's most stable nation. But the outburst
- caught the government by surprise and signaled that something
- more was awry than momentary resentment over price hikes imposed
- two weeks ago.
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- In fact, the economic conditions that provoked the unrest
- had been simmering for more than a year. Jordan has long been
- living beyond its means; a decade of Arab aid and overambitious
- borrowing provided an illusion of prosperity. But lately the
- money has begun to run out. Since last summer the Jordanian
- dinar has fallen 45% in value, while unemployment (now about
- 15%) and inflation (up to 30%) climbed steadily. In late March
- the government agreed on a budget-balancing plan with the
- International Monetary Fund aimed at paring the country's
- deficit and, ultimately, rescheduling Jordan's $6 billion
- foreign debt. But the government's austerity plan included
- increases of 10% to 50% in the price of gasoline, alcohol,
- cigarettes and mineral water, and two days after it was
- unveiled, disgruntled Jordanians took to the streets.
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- King Hussein escaped personal blame, but Rifai was widely
- faulted. According to Professor Ismail Abdul Rahman, an
- economist at the University of Jordan, the government's "fatal
- mistake" was avoiding action for years, then trying to do too
- much too fast.
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- Jordan's stability is crucial to countries on both sides of
- the Arab-Israeli dispute. The King has brought in Field Marshal
- Sharif Zaid bin Shaker to oversee preparations for
- parliamentary elections in the near future, which should bring
- a degree of democracy to a largely authoritarian land. But
- whatever path the new government takes, the people face several
- more years of austerity. "Sooner or later, Jordanians will have
- to adjust to a lower standard of living," admitted a top adviser
- to the King. "There's no other way."
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